Chapter 22 and Chapter 23

Chapter 22

• Ireland first independent colony in 1922
• urkey ruler in 1923 was Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
• Reza Shah Pahlavi took over  Iran in 1925
• Abdul-Aziz Ibn Saud  was Saudi Arabia king in 1922-32
• Ideological war between democracy/capitalism and Communism led to fostering civil and guerrilla wars
• In 1961Patrice Lumumba  of Congo was assassinated by Belgian and US troops
• Decolonization and national liberation, new nation-states promised their people to achieve economic growth.
• Diverse nation-states of the Global South lacked skilled workers and essential infrastructure, economic schemes designed to export raw materials rather than sustain growth

Chapter 23

• Previous images of the world was maped by drawn of man
• To identify spheres of influence, locate natural resources, plan military strategies
• The images has no features of a map—no boundaries, no labels, no markings of any sort
• This image stressed the overarching unity of all things living on Earth.
• This may have helped foster a global approach to political, economic, and environmental challenges.